1.The Box Model
All HTML elements can be considered as boxes. In CSS, the term “box model” is used when talking about design and layout.
The CSSbox model is essentially a box that wraps around HTML elements, and it consists of: margins, borders, padding, and the actual content.
The box model allows us to place a border around elements and space elements in relation to other elements.
2.Border
A border that goes around the padding and content. The border is affected by the background color of the box
The border-width property is used to set the width of the border.
The width is set in pixels, or by using one of the three pre-defined values: thin, medium, or thick.
Border Properties
border-top *border-bottom *border-right *border-left *border-color *border-top-color
border-right-color*border-bottom-color*border-left-color*border-style *border-top-style*
border-right-style*border-bottom-style*border-left-style*border-width *border-top-width
border-right-width*border-bottom-width*border-left-width.
3.Padding
Clears an area around the content. The padding is affected by the background color of the box
Padding Properties
padding:10px 5px 15px 20px;
top padding is 10px
right padding is 5px
bottom padding is 15px
left padding is 20px
padding:10px 5px 15px;
top padding is 10px
right and left padding are 5px
bottom padding is 15px
padding:10px 5px;
top and bottom padding are 10px
right and left padding are 5px
padding:10px;
all four paddings are 10px
4.Margin
Clears an area around the border. The margin does not have a background color, it is completely transparent
5.Ordered List
the list items are marked with numbers or letters
6.Unordered List
the list items are marked with bullets
7.Link
The link tag defines the relationship between a document and an external resource.
The link tag is most used to link to style sheets.
8.Backgroun Image
The background-image property sets the background image for an element.
The background of an element is the total size of the element, including padding and border (but not the margin).
By default, a background-image is placed at the top-left corner of an element, and repeated both vertically and horizontally.
9.Navigation Bars
There are two ways to create a horizontal navigation bar. Using inline or floating list items.
Both methods work fine, but if you want the links to be the same size, you have to use the floating method.
10.Horizontal Navigation Bar
One way to build a horizontal navigation bar is to specify the list elements as inline
11.Font Properties
CSS font properties define the font family, boldness, size, and the style of a text.
12.Comments
Comments are used to explain your code, and may help you when you edit the source code at a later date. Comments are ignored by browsers.
A CSS comment begins with “/*”, and ends with “*/”
13.ID Selectors
ID selectors work like class selectors, except that they can only be used on one element per page.
14.Display Property
CSS allows you to control how a given element is displayed. In particular, whether it is rendered as a block or inline element.
EXAMPLE:
inline :Inline display (horizontally layed out)
block :Block display (vertically layed out)
list-item :Display as a list item
none :No box; element has no effect on layout
dinherit :Inherit value from parent
15.Div Tag
The div tag is a generic way of adding structure to a HTML document. The most important thing to remember is that it is a block-level element.
16.Float
The float property controls where block-level elements are positioned, as well as which way other elements are placed in relation to them.
17.Visibility
The visibility property controls whether or not an element is rendered.
EXAMPLES:
visible: The generated box is visible
hidden: The generated box is invisible, but still effects layout
18.Background Repetition
CSS offers fine grain control over how the background is displayed. With the background-repeat property, you can specify how the background should repeat (if at all) to cover the entire viewing area.
EXAMPLE:
repeat Repeat the background (default)
repeat-x Repeat the background horizontally only
repeat-y Repeat the background vertically only
no-repeat Don’t repeat the background at all
inherit Inherit parent’s repeat setting
19.Hover
The :hover selector is used to select elements when you mouse over them.
20.Aligning Text
CSS also supports horizontally aligning and justifying text.
left: Left align text
right: Right align text
center: Center align text
justify: Double justify text
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
FIXING AN UNDEREXPOSE AND OVEREXPOSE PHOTOS.
By looking at the histogram of the photo you can identify if your photo is overexpose or underexpose.
Also you can fix your photo by using it. First open the photo that you want to edit. Then duplicate it before doing any changes to the photo. Click the duplicated photo then start editing. Click Image on the menu bar then click adjustments. Select levels and adjust the histogram.
In photography, bokeh is the blur, or the aesthetic quality of the blur, in out-of-focus areas of an image, or “the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light.” Differences in lens aberrations andaperture shape cause some lens designs to blur the image in a way that is pleasing to the eye, while others produce blurring that is unpleasant or distracting—”good” and “bad” bokeh, respectively. Bokeh occurs for parts of the scene that lie outside the depth of field. Photographers sometimes deliberately use a shallow focustechnique to create images with prominent out-of-focus regions.
Bokeh is often most visible around small background highlights, such as specular reflections and light sources, which is why it is often associated with such areas.However, bokeh is not limited to highlights; blur occurs in all out-of-focus regions of the image.
A portrait is a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face and its expression is predominant. The intent is to display the likeness, personality, and even the mood of the person. For this reason, in photography a portrait is generally not a snapshot, but a composed image of a person in a still position. A portrait often shows a person looking directly at the painter or photographer, in order to most successfully engage the subject with the viewer.
In image processing, computer graphics, and photography, high dynamic range imaging (HDRI or just HDR) is a set of techniques that allows a greater dynamic range between the lightest and darkest areas of an image than current standard digital imaging techniques or photographic methods. This wide dynamic range allows HDR images to more accurately represent the range of intensity levels found in real scenes, ranging from direct sunlight to faint starlight, and is often captured by way of a plurality of differently exposed pictures of the same subject matter.
The two main sources of HDR imagery are computer renderings and merging of multiple low-dynamic-range (LDR) or standard-dynamic-range (SDR) photographs. Tone-mappingtechniques, which reduce overall contrast to facilitate display of HDR images on devices with lower dynamic range, can be applied to produce images with preserved or exaggerated local contrast for artistic effect.